Meteor Essay Example For Students

Meteor Essay CraterEarly throughout the entire existence of the nearby planetary group, when space was jumbled with thematerials of its development, the planets and their moons were vigorously bombardedby shooting stars. A portion of the individuals from the nearby planetary group (Mars, Mercury and ourmoon, for instance) despite everything show the residuals of the early stage downpour of iron andstone. On our dynamic planet earth, disintegration by climate, water and ice and thecontinuous reshuffling of crustal plates have deleted the vast majority of the proof ofthat early cratering. The nearby planetary group, not yet totally away from the cosmicdebris which was left over at its introduction to the world, kept on pouring little shooting stars downupon the planets, and once in a while the earth is struck by an item huge enoughto unearth a sizable gap. Many shooting star sway pits have beenrecognized on the outside layer of the earth. By and large, disintegration has expelled all butthe broke r oot zones of the pits. The most well known earthly impactcrater is in the desert close to Winslow, Arizona. Beginning of Meteor Crater Whathappens when a compelling power meets an ardent item? Meteor Crater!50,000 years back, a colossal iron-nickel shooting star, plunging at around 40,000 milesper hour, struck the rough plain of Northern Arizona with a dangerous forcegreater than 20 million tons of TNT. The shooting star assessed to have been about150 feet across and gauging a few hundred tons, in under a couple seconds,left a cavity 700 feet down and in excess of 4000 thousand feet over. Largeblocks of limestone, some of them, the extents of little houses were hurled ontothe edge. Level lying beds of rock in the pit dividers were toppled infractions of a second and elevated forever as much as 150 feet. Today, thecrater is 550 feet down, and 2.4 miles in periphery. Twenty football gamescould be played at the same time on its floor, while in excess of two millionspectators saw from i ts inclining sides. In 1902, Daniel Moreau Barringer, aPhiladelphia mining engineer, got intrigued by the site as a potentialsource for mining iron. He later visited the hole and was persuaded that ithad been framed by the effect of a huge iron shooting star. He further expected thatthis body was covered underneath the hole floor. Barringer was right. The craterwas framed by a shooting star sway, yet what he didn't know was that themeteorite experienced complete crumbling during sway through vaporization,melting and discontinuity. In 1903, he shaped the Standard Iron Company and hadfour placer mining claims documented with the Government, hence getting thepatents and responsibility for two square miles containing the cavity. Barringerspent the following 26 years endeavoring to discover what he accepted would be the giantiron shooting star. Barringer never found what he was searching for, however he dideventually demonstrate to established researchers that the cavity was the site of ameteorite sway. ATextbooks are worried about introducing the realities of the case(whatever the case might be) as though there can be no contesting them, as though they arefixed changeless. Also, still more regrettable, there is typically no piece of information offered as to whoclaimed these are the realities of the case, or how emailprotected found these facts(there being no the individual, I or we). There is no feeling of the delicacy orambiguity of human judgment, no trace of the conceivable outcomes of mistake. Information ispresented as an item to be obtained, never as human battle to understand,to conquer deception, to stagger toward the emailprotected - Neil Postman. The End ofEducation Grove Karl Gilbert, the principal individual to direct a full scientificsurvey of the puzzling cavity in the Arizona desert, was the most renowngeologist of his age, and has been portrayed as Aperhaps the closestequivalent to a holy person that American science has yet delivered. (Hoyt, p37) He wastolerant, liberal, and reasonable, with an extraordinary aversion of debate ofany kind. As boss geologists of the U.S. Land Survey, his prestigiousdemeanor was held in high regard. with the end goal that none of his associates or successorswere willing to freely scrutinize his decisions in any event, when it became apparentthat a portion of those ends had been off-base. In 1891, Gilbert becameinterested in reports of an enormous assortment of nickel-iron shooting stars discovered inthe neighborhood of a massive roundabout cavity in the Arizona desert. Since hehad as of now theorized on the potential results of al enormous meteoritestriking the earth, he chose to visit the pit and attempt to decide .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .postImageUrl , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:visited , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:active { border:0!important; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:active , .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6 bb9e1a5804 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1eae8159aa8bb32a5c8ad6bb9e1a5804:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Miss Persuasive Essay

Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

This section is a record of a discussion that goes on to a great extent between Mrs Bennet and Mr Bingley, yet simultaneously, it figures out how to uncover parts of different characters in the manner that they respond to this circumstance. In achieving this, the section is a feature for some [vague] of the story strategies that Austen has utilized reliably over the span of the novel. In this concentrate, in the same way as other different sections, characters that go off on digressions and have long monologs to exhausted crowds barely have anything worth saying, and it is the short, sharp, individual introspections of different characters that really give exact evaluations of circumstances and individuals. As in this selection, the more Mrs Bennet talks, the more she uncovers herself to be shallow and uninformed, as when she goes off into a long talk about Lydia leaving her (which Mr Bingley doesn't especially think about), at last attempting to end with a sharp comment towards Mr Darcy "he has a few companions, however, maybe, not all that numerous as he deserves", leaving the peruser to recoil [irony] with the idiocy and obliviousness that she appears to be so anxious to parade. Truth be told, this is rehashed all through the whole novel, with the end goal that characters like Mrs Bennet, Lydia, and Mr Collins permit themselves to enjoy long, meandering monologs that nobody is especially keen on tuning in to, uncovering themselves to be level and shallow characters. Altogether, the characters that are created, and have moral fiber, while thinking a great deal and having a ton of reflection, to a great extent license themselves to enjoy over verbosity in discussion, as Elizabeth appears in this concentrate, mentioning objective facts on her mom's conduct ("such pointless, such impertinent attention!") and her own perspective, yet she never really voices out her contemplations to those present. This hesitance is additionally reflected in Mr Darcy, who is comparatively unwilling towards uncovering his perspectives. This gives an unmistakable and glaring complexity between the different characters, and it is Austen's method of reminding us deli cately all through the novel that the person who explains the most may not really be the most educated. Austen permits characters, for example, Elizabeth, that are ordinarily quiet and levelheaded, to enjoy misrepresentation and melodramatics, before uncovering a comic let down, a reckoning of sorts. In this concentrate, Elizabeth stirs herself up into a furor, energetically censuring how that "their (Mr Darcy and Mr Bingley) society can manage the cost of no joy, that will offer reparations for such wretchedness as this!" She at that point goes on to steadfastly wish that she will "never see it is possible that either again!".

In the second half of the 20th century, the growth of interest in Essay

In the second 50% of the twentieth century, the development of enthusiasm for human rights has been joined by a restoration in regular law. Consider why this ought to be so - Essay Example Without a doubt, the film is the best medium to represent how human rights are wantonly abused everywhere throughout the world. Such movies power everybody to excursion their shrouds of indifference and go down from their ivory towers and persevere or a response to such maltreatment. For all intents and purposes all rights announced in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were abused for example the rights to life, freedom, and security of individual; to opportunity from subjective capture; to a reasonable preliminary; to be assumed blameless until demonstrated liable; to opportunity of development and home; to shelter, nationality, and responsibility for thus on.1 The Last King of Scotland, in the mean time, delineates how a hysterical ruler, so inebriated in his forces, can store so much anguish and decimation to each and every individual who crosses his way. Idi Amin of Uganda in the 1970's controlled as a despot and constrained the greater part of the Asians who lived in Uganda to leave the nation and had a considerable lot of his rivals massacred.2 One scene demonstrated his Scottish specialist guide held tight a tenterhook with the snare penetrating his chest. 2 The Killing Fields is Cambodia's variant of Europe's holocaust. Like the Schindler's List, there's violence in abundance and human rights maltreatment to the maximum. It's so powerful and convincing that pundit Rex Reed was made to remark for example no film in my memory has more harrowingly transmitted the desolates of war than The Killing Fields.3 The most influencing scenes are the areas of torment ; the one where starved Cambodians needed to eat live reptiles so as to endure and the one where fathers and moms were hardheartedly butchered by their conditioned youngsters. The Killing Fields adventure is devoted to history as validated by Amnesty International USA and by the Genocide Studies Program of Yale University. Says the last mentioned The Cambodian decimation of 1975-1979, in which around 1.7 million individuals lost their lives (21% of the populace) was one of the most noticeably terrible human disasters of the only remaining century.4 It further proceeded, the Khmer Rouge system of Pol Pot consolidated radical belief system with ethnic ill will and a devilish negligence for human life to deliver suppression, hopelessness, and murder in a huge scope. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was moved to the screen from the novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. The Russian Nobel Prize victor in Literature author, was himself detained in a similar gulag that he expounded on and accordingly his story was practically personal. The gulag or a system of constrained work camps in the previous Soviet Union5 was an image of Russian ruthlessness and paganism during that socialist system. The character Ivan spoke to the enduring of the individuals who needed to do hard, manual work for 12

Maryland, Jim Crow Law and The Eastern Shore Essay

Maryland, Jim Crow Law and The Eastern Shore - Essay Example A great part of the Eastern Shore’s rehearses were equivalent to southern states and gave little indications of progress at pushing ahead with permitting African Americans to be free through the implementation of Jim Crow laws. The province of Maryland is found north of Virginia and south of Pennsylvania. Maryland was mainstream for its steamer exchange. It’s area along the coast made it simple for steamships to go here and there the coast bringing in and sending out products. Maryland rehearsed isolation and passed numerous laws somewhere in the range of 1879 and 1957. Maryland, point of fact, rehearsed more as a southern state as its perspectives on recovering slaves were more like the south instead of territories north west of the state. What this implied was that despite the fact that they nullified subjection, they despite everything put stock in isolation, which was more typical in the south than in the north. Maryland all in all, surrendered to the abolishment of subjugation when it was abrogated in 1864, 101 years after it was established. Maryland bolstered numerous Jim Crow laws. The laws explicitly isolated African Americans from living unreservedly among whites. Huge numbers of Maryland’s Jim Crow laws disallowed African Americans from wedding whites, riding in steamships with whites and going to indistinguishable schools from whites. These laws should enable African Americans to be liberated from servitude however just messed more up like isolation. The vast majority of Maryland was professional Jim Crow laws like the eastern shore. The eastern shore didn’t declare the act of subjection yet implemented Jim Crow laws, which were in full power through the 1960s. A lot of Maryland was subject to subjugation like a large number of the southern states. White manor proprietors took an interest in subjection as free work. The free work was critical to the manor proprietors since they had the option to make more benefit. Tobacco was one of the decision items developed. The slaves could collect the tobacco an d since the land was claimed, slave drivers had the option to make practically 100% benefits from the tobacco. Territories like the Eastern Shore of Maryland were particularly dependent upon bondage since there was simple access to steamers. Maryland’s Eastern Shore was a zone close to the Eastern shore that was habituate to severe convictions and practices. Numerous African Americans battled to discover genuine opportunity in the southern states as a result of such individuals as slave catchers and outrageous racists. Notwithstanding, a few southerners were eager to help. The Quakers that lived along the Eastern Shore were known for battling servitude. They took a chance with their own lives and families to shield free slaves from being caught and separated. The Quakers were even idea to effectively take an interest in the Underground Railroad. Close by of the Quakers were the free blacks. These free blacks made up a little level of Maryland’s Eastern Shore. The free blacks were continually in dread of turning out to be re-slaved or sentenced for wrongdoings. Many fled to northwestern states in dread of turning out to be re-oppressed. This was like the dread that numerous slaves felt living in southern states, as the southern states despite everything kept on rehearsing free work considerably after subjugation was canceled. Practices that drove the Eastern Shore to be like southern states incorporate the consistent re catching of slaves and liberating of slaves. Recovering and liberating of sl

How far do you agree the period between Free Essays

How far do you concur the period between 1350-1750 would one say one was of progression as opposed to change in medication? In the Renaissance, individuals despite everything had confidence in Galena’s Theory of Opposites which is a case of congruity instead of progress since individuals trusted in this quite a while before this timeframe. The advancement of the compound magnifying lens by Antonio van Leeuwenhoek in the seventeenth Century was a case of progress, on the grounds that the magnifying lens before this time were not incredible enough to see things like vessels and germs. This lead on to the beginning of the Germ Theory which was another change, on the grounds that before this time individuals thought God brought malady thus did ‘bad air’. We will compose a custom exposition test on How far do you concur the period between or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The Renaissances home grown cures are a case of both change and coherence. They utilize new and intriguing plants and newly discovered information, yet they despite everything utilize home grown cures. I accept that this period was a period of progress not congruity. Along these lines I can't help contradicting this announcement as this repudiates with my conviction. The most effective method to refer to How far do you concur the period between, Papers

Children of Alcoholic Homes Have Trust Issues

Children of Alcoholic Homes Have Trust Issues Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Print Children of Alcoholic Homes May Have Trust Issues Real Stories From Adult Children of Alcoholics By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 15, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 06, 2019 Vincent Besnault/Photographers Choice/Getty More in Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery When children grow up in a home with alcoholism  and the usual denial that surrounds it, they may develop serious trust issues as adults. The lies, the keeping secrets, and the broken promises all add up to send a message to the children that trusting can backfire on them. Many grow into adulthood not being able to truly trust anyone, which affects their romantic, professional and spiritual relationships with others. They have been disappointed too often by the alcoholic parent to really let themselves fully trust. Having trust issues is one of the common characteristics that many adult children of alcoholics share. Although these traits are common to adult children of alcoholics, they can also occur due to other family dysfunctions and development issues. Characteristics of Adult Children of Alcoholics Visitors to Verywell  answered the question How Do You Feel Growing Up With an Alcoholic Parent Has Changed You? by telling their stories about trust issues below: Wont Take the ChanceI want to trust people but there is a little voice in the back of my head warning me to stay safe. Better to be alone than to ever subject myself to even the chance that someone might abuse me emotionally the way my mother did. -- Pufflet Paralyzed EmotionallyI am so afraid of trusting anyone, I feel paralyzed emotionally. I am a 42 year old women that has never had a meaningful relationship with a man. I feel so alone and that my life has been a complete and total waste of time. I yearn for someone to love me, but I am unable to let anyone close enough to love. I too am a fixer, but I am unable to fix me. I am damaged goods, unable to live the life that I see others living, unable to love or trust anyone. -- Git It Girl I Trust No OneThe effects of my childhood have been numerous and overwhelming. Im 27 years old and have had only one long term relationship which was very dysfunctional. I have an intense fear of intimacy and trust no one. I have recently become extremely isolated in my life. -- L.W. Everyone Will Let Me DownI have serious trust issues, I believe that everyone will eventually let me down, but really its no more than I deserve. -- Orla Were You Affected? Do you have trouble trusting anyone? Have you been affected in other ways by growing up with alcoholism in the home? You may want to take this quiz to find out other ways you may have been affected without realizing it. Many adult children of alcoholics who find it difficult to trust have found help by becoming members of Al-Anon Family Groups or the support group Adult Children of Alcoholics.

How to Write a Compelling Letter of Recommendation

Pass these tips on to your recommenders for  LORs that  impress the admissions officers and ensure that they want to accept you. 10 Tips for Recommenders: 1. Review a copy of the applicants personal statement or application essays so that your letter of recommendation can dovetail withnot conflict with or duplicatethe rest of the application. 2. Ask the applicant to supply you with additional information such as a resume. 3. Describe your qualifications for comparing the applicant to other applicants. I have been teaching for twenty years and have advised approximately 450 students on independent research projects over the last five years. I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college graduates in my capacity as trainer for Big Bank Corp. 4. Discuss how well you know the applicant. I was able to get to know Mr. Doe because he made it a point to attend two of my sections every week when only one was required. Ms. Smith reported directly to me for two years prior to her well-deserved promotion to the position of Senior in our Big Six Accounting Firm. 5. Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant. Jane has a rare blend of top writing and interpersonal skills. The combination of tenacity, analytical abilities, and good communications skills found in Mr. Doe is truly unique. 6. In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific instances in which he or she demonstrated those attributes. Be as concrete and detailed as possible. He is the only student I ever had who came to all my office hours as part of a relentless, and ultimately successful, drive to master financial theory. He was one of just ten percent in the class to receive an A. Because of Janes writing skills, I didnt hesitate to ask her to write a report which was used by our PAC as the basis for a major policy statement. Congressman X eventually used the statement, based on Janes sophisticated 20-page analysis of Middle East politics, in lobbying for increased funding.   7. Try to quantify the students strengths or rank him or her vis a vis other applicants that you have observed. He was in the top 10% of his class. She has the best analytical skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised. 8. Avoid generalities and platitudes. 9. Include some mild criticism, typically the flip-side of a strength. The only fault I have encountered in him is his retiring nature. His modesty sometimes hides a young man of remarkable strength and broad interests. Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail. 10. Discuss the applicants potential in his or her chosen field. I enthusiastically recommend Mr. Doe to your business school. This well-rounded student will be a fine businessperson. With her exceptional leadership, writing, and quantitative skills, Ms. Smith will be an outstanding strategic consultant and a credit to the business school she attends. Good luck! Need help composing a letter of recommendation that presents a compelling case to the admissions committee? Check out Accepteds Recommendation Letter Assistance Packages! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  What if the President of the United States Wrote Your Letter of Recommendation? †¢Ã‚  Recommenders And Recommendations †¢ Advice for MBA Letters Of Recommendation How to Write a Compelling Letter of Recommendation Pass these tips on to your recommenders for  LORs that  impress the admissions officers and ensure that they want to accept you. 10 Tips for Recommenders: 1. Review a copy of the applicants personal statement or application essays so that your letter of recommendation can dovetail withnot conflict with or duplicatethe rest of the application. 2. Ask the applicant to supply you with additional information such as a resume. 3. Describe your qualifications for comparing the applicant to other applicants. I have been teaching for twenty years and have advised approximately 450 students on independent research projects over the last five years. I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college graduates in my capacity as trainer for Big Bank Corp. 4. Discuss how well you know the applicant. I was able to get to know Mr. Doe because he made it a point to attend two of my sections every week when only one was required. Ms. Smith reported directly to me for two years prior to her well-deserved promotion to the position of Senior in our Big Six Accounting Firm. 5. Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant. Jane has a rare blend of top writing and interpersonal skills. The combination of tenacity, analytical abilities, and good communications skills found in Mr. Doe is truly unique. 6. In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific instances in which he or she demonstrated those attributes. Be as concrete and detailed as possible. He is the only student I ever had who came to all my office hours as part of a relentless, and ultimately successful, drive to master financial theory. He was one of just ten percent in the class to receive an A. Because of Janes writing skills, I didnt hesitate to ask her to write a report which was used by our PAC as the basis for a major policy statement. Congressman X eventually used the statement, based on Janes sophisticated 20-page analysis of Middle East politics, in lobbying for increased funding.   7. Try to quantify the students strengths or rank him or her vis a vis other applicants that you have observed. He was in the top 10% of his class. She has the best analytical skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised. 8. Avoid generalities and platitudes. 9. Include some mild criticism, typically the flip-side of a strength. The only fault I have encountered in him is his retiring nature. His modesty sometimes hides a young man of remarkable strength and broad interests. Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail. 10. Discuss the applicants potential in his or her chosen field. I enthusiastically recommend Mr. Doe to your business school. This well-rounded student will be a fine businessperson. With her exceptional leadership, writing, and quantitative skills, Ms. Smith will be an outstanding strategic consultant and a credit to the business school she attends. Good luck! Need help composing a letter of recommendation that presents a compelling case to the admissions committee? Check out Accepteds Recommendation Letter Assistance Packages! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  What if the President of the United States Wrote Your Letter of Recommendation? †¢Ã‚  Recommenders And Recommendations †¢ Advice for MBA Letters Of Recommendation

Why teens need cell phones - 500 Words

Why teens need cell phones. Tim was riding his bike from school, when he looked behind there was this red truck following him. He started to get kinda worried, so he started going faster so he could get to his house faster. Tim had about 3 blocks left to go, the truck was still following him. The truck started speeding up, suddenly Tim looked to his left and the truck was next to him. There was an older gentlemen in the truck and he said â€Å"get in i can take you home, throw your bike in the trunk.† Tim yelled no! Then tim reached in his pocket while still riding his bike and dialed 911. Soon Tim reached his house and he ran inside. Locking all the doors and windows. He looked out one window and the truck was sitting in his driveway with the†¦show more content†¦A teen in a situation where he/she must travel or walk alone to get to school might need a cell phone to stay connected with family. Teens need cell phones in case something happens when they’re with their friends. (Hatter, 5) Cell phone safety. Safety is one of the most prevalent reasons cited by parents for providing teens with a cell phone. The main reason for providing a teenage with a cell phone is to enale contact with the teenager when they are not home. Parents feel safer with their teenagers having cell phones. (Halter, 4) Cell phone texting safety. Parents feel safer with their teenagers having cell phones. The compromising photos sent to your â€Å"friend† could actually end up being seen by people they weren’t intended for or end up being placed on the internet for the world to see. That â€Å"friend† online you met and are now texting, may not be the person you think they are. Distracted driving is mostly caused by text messaging. When driving you should not text and drive because while you texting and driving you may be looking at your phone longer than you think and you may rear end someone and seriously injure someone or yourself, or run a red light and hit someone. Conclusion So to come to my conclusion that teens need cell phones. Teens need cell phones to call incase of an emergency. For example if a teen has medical issues they might need a cell phone to call in case they needShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Cell Phones1100 Words   |  5 Pagescreated the thing that runs the lives of many ---- a cell phone. For those living under a rock, cell phones are portable telephones that requires cellular network (ATT, Verizon and Tmobile) to make and receive phone calls. For the first time ever, a generation of kids are going through their adolescence with smartphones. As stated by Pew Research Center, â€Å"75% of 12-17 year-olds now own cell phones, up from 45% in 2004† (Lenhart 1). As cell phones advanced over the years, the increase of adolescenceRead MoreCell Phones are Higlhy Addictive1431 Words   |  6 Pagesbillion cell phone subscribers in the world. (â€Å"UN says world has 6 billion cell phone subscribers, 2.3 billion Intern et users†). 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This day and age sending a text is the quickest and most efficient form of communication. The Berkman Center for Internet Society at Harvard University found that (78%) of teens now have a cell phone and almost half (47%) of those teens have smartphones. That translates into (37%) of all teens who have cellphones, up from just (23%) in 2011(Madden). Today, people tend to use their phones to text more than they do to make phones calls, and this can serveRead MoreMobile Phone Addiction1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe problem of mobile phone addiction (1010words) Nomophobia, the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. The phrase was coined by a U.K. study commissioned by SecurEnvoy as an abbreviation for no-mobile-phone phobia. According to an article, 77% of the 18-24 age group revealed nomophobia.   If a person doesn’t have his or her cell phone, and feels uncomfortable trying to respond to real life situations without it, experts warn this is addiction. In Hong Kong, it is not hard to find teenagersRead MoreDistracted Driving Involving Cell Phones908 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the year of 2011, about 2,650 teens in the United States between the age of sixteen and nineteen were killed and almost 292,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries involved with motor-vehicle accidents (â€Å"Teen Drivers: Get the Facts† par. 2). Basically, seven teens die every day from motor-vehicle injuries. The risks of these accidents are becoming higher each year among the teen age group. Research has shown, teens in the United States between sixteen and nineteen have aRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cell Phones1182 Words   |  5 PagesHow many kids have you seen with a phone but haven’t even passed elementary? At what age would it be appropriate to give children the big responsibility of keeping an expensive cell phone intact while using it respectfully and for the right reasons? â€Å"The average age for a child ge tting their first smartphone is now 10.3 years† Jay Donovan states. Do you think you could put your full trust in a ten year-old to take care of an electronic device that costs hundreds of dollars? Tim Elmore says, â€Å"From

Selective Sweep Definition and Examples

Selective sweep, or genetic hitchhiking, is a genetics and evolution term that explains how alleles for favorable adaptations, and their associated alleles near them on chromosomes, become more frequently seen in a population due to natural selection. What Are Strong Alleles Natural selection works to choose the most favorable alleles for an environment in order to keep a species passing down those traits generation after generation. The more favorable the allele for the environment, the more likely the individuals that possess that allele will be to live long enough to reproduce and pass that desirable trait down to their offspring. Eventually, undesirable traits will be bred out of the population and only the strong alleles will be left to continue on. How a Selective Sweep Happens The selection of these preferred traits can be very strong. After a particularly strong selection for a trait that is the most desirable, a selective sweep will happen. Not only will the genes that code for the favorable adaptation increase in frequency and be seen more often in the population, other traits that are controlled by alleles that are close in proximity to those favorable alleles will also be selected for, whether they are good or bad adaptations. Also called genetic hitchhiking, these extra alleles come along for the selection ride. This phenomenon may be the reason why some seemingly undesirable traits get passed down, even if it does not make the population the fittest. One major misconception of how natural selection works is the idea that if only the desirable traits are selected for, then all other negatives, such as genetic diseases, should be bred out of the population. Yet, these not so favorable characteristics seem to persist. Some of this could be explained by the idea of selective sweep and genetic hitchhiking. Examples of Selective Sweep in Humans Do you know someone who is lactose intolerant? People who suffer from lactose intolerance are unable to fully digest milk or milk products like cheese and ice cream. Lactose is a type of sugar that is found in milk that requires the enzyme lactase in order to be broken down and digested. Human infants are born with lactase and can digest the lactose. However, by the time they reach adulthood, a large percentage of the human population loses the ability to produce lactase and therefore can no longer handle drinking or eating milk products. Looking Back at Our Ancestors   About 10,000 years ago, our human ancestors learned the art of agriculture and subsequently started to domesticate animals. The domestication of cows in Europe allowed these people to use cows milk for nutrition. Over time, those individuals who had the allele to make lactase possessed the favorable trait over those who could not digest the cows milk. A selective sweep occurred for the Europeans and the ability to get nutrition from milk and milk products was highly positively selected. Therefore, the majority of Europeans possessed the ability to make lactase. Other genes hitchhiked along with this selection. In fact, researchers estimate that about a million base pairs of DNA hitchhiked along with the sequence that coded for the lactase enzyme. Another Example Is Skin Color   Another example of a selective sweep in humans is skin color. As human ancestors  moved from Africa where dark skin is a necessary protection against the direct ultraviolet rays of the sun, less direct sunlight meant that the dark pigments were no longer necessary for survival. Groups of these early humans moved north to Europe and Asia and gradually lost the dark pigmentation in favor of a lighter coloring for the skin. Not only was this lack of dark pigmentation favored and selected, nearby alleles that controlled the rate of metabolism hitchhiked along. Metabolic rates have been studied for different cultures all over the world and have been found to correlate very closely to the type of climate where the individual lives, much like the skin coloring genes.  Ã‚  It is proposed that the skin pigmentation gene and the metabolic rate gene were involved in the same selective sweep in the early human ancestors.

Realigning Elections in American History

Since the stunning victory by Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States Presidential election, the discourse around words and phrases such as â€Å"political realignment† and â€Å"critical elections† have  become more commonplace not only among  political analysts but also in mainstream media. Political Realignments A political realignment occurs when a particular group or class of voters changes or in other words realigns with a political party or candidate who they vote for in a particular election – known as a critical election or this realignment may be spread out over a number of elections. On the other hand, â€Å"dealignment† occurs when a voter becomes disenfranchised with his or her current political party and either chooses not to vote or becomes an independent. These political realignments take place in elections involving the U.S. Presidency and the U.S. Congress and are signified by power changes of the Republican and Democratic parties that constitute ideological changes both issues and party leaders.  Other important factors are legislative changes which affect campaign financing rules and voter eligibility. Central to realignment is that there is a change in voter’s behavior. 2016 Election Results In the 2016 election, although Trump is winning at the time of this writing the Electoral College by a margin of 290 to 228 votes; Clinton is winning the overall popular vote by more than 600,000 votes. In addition, in this election, American voters gave the Republican Party a clean power sweep – the White House, the Senate and the House of Representatives. One key to the Trump victory was that he won the  popular vote in three of the so-called â€Å"Blue Wall† States: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan.  Blue Wall States are those who have solidly supported the Democratic Party over past ten or so presidential elections. With respect to the electoral votes:  Pennsylvania has 20, Wisconsin has 10, and Michigan has 16.  Although these states were essential in propelling Trump to victory, it is important to note that his margin of victory from these three states totaled approximated 112,000 votes. If Clinton had won these three States, she would be the President-elect instead of Trump.   In the ten Presidential elections prior to 2016, Wisconsin had only voted Republican on two occasions – 1980 and 1984; Michigan voters had voted Democrat in six straight Presidential elections prior to 2016; and as well, in the ten Presidential elections prior to 2016, Pennsylvania had only voted Republican on three occasions – 1980, 1984 and 1988. V. O. Key, Jr. and Realigning Elections American political scientist  V.O. Key, Jr. is most well-known for his contributions to behavioral  political science, with his major impact being on election studies.  In his 1955 article A Theory of Critical Elections, Key explained how the Republican Party became dominant between 1860 and 1932; and then how this dominance shifted to the Democratic Party  after 1932 by using empirical evidence to identify a number of election which Key termed as â€Å"critical,† or â€Å"realigning† which resulted in American voters changing their political party affiliations. While Key specifically starts with 1860 which was the year that Abraham Lincoln was elected, other scholars and political scientists have identified and/or recognized that there have been systematic patterns or cycles which have regularly taken place in the U.S. national elections.  Ã‚  While these scholars are not in agreement as to the duration of these patterns: periods that range from every 30 to 36 years as opposed to 50 to 60 years; it does appear that the patterns have some relationship with generational change. Election of 1800 The earliest election which scholars have identified as realigning was in 1800 when Thomas Jefferson defeated the incumbent John Adams. This election transferred power from George Washington and Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican Party which was led by Jefferson. Although some argue that this was the birth of the Democratic Party, in reality, the party was established in 1828 with the election of Andrew Jackson. Jackson defeated the incumbent, John Quincy Adams and resulted in the Southern States taking power from the original New England colonies. Election of 1860 As stated above, Key explained how the Republican Party became dominant starting in 1860 with the election of Lincoln. Although Lincoln was a member of the Whig Party during his early political career, as President he led the U.S. to abolish slavery as a member of the Republic Party. In addition, Lincoln and the Republic Party brought nationalism to the United States on the eve of what would become the American Civil War. Election of 1896 The overbuilding of railroads caused several of them, including the Reading Railroad, to go into receivership which caused hundreds of banks to fail; resulting in what was the first U.S. economic depression and is known as the Panic of 1893. This depression caused soup lines and public ire towards the present administration and made the Populist Party the favorite to take power in the 1896 Presidential election. In the 1896 Presidential election, William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan and while this election was not a true realignment or did it even meet the definition of a critical election; it did set the stage for how candidates would campaign for office in subsequent years. Bryan had been nominated by both the Populist and Democratic parties. He was opposed by the Republican McKinley who was backed by a very wealthy individual who used that wealth to conduct a campaign that was intended to make the populace fearful of what would happen if Bryan won. On the other hand, Bryan used the railroad to make a whistle-stop  tour giving twenty to thirty speeches daily.  These campaign methods have evolved into the modern day. Election of 1932 The 1932 election is widely considered as the most well-known realignment election in U.S. history. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression as a result of the 1929 Wall Street Crash. Democratic candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his New Deal policies overwhelmingly defeated incumbent Herbert Hoover by a margin of 472 to 59 Electoral Vote. This critical election was the underpinnings of a massive overhaul of American politics.  In addition, it changed the face of the Democratic Party.   Election of 1980 The next critical election occurred in 1980 when Republican challenger Ronald Reagan defeated the Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter by the tremendous margin of 489 to 49 Electoral Votes. At the time, approximately 60 American’s had been held hostage since November 4, 1979, after the U.S. Embassy in Tehran had been overrun by Iranian students. The Reagan election also marked a realignment of the Republican Party to being more conservative than ever before and also brought about Reaganomics which was designed to fix severe economic issues that confronted the country.  In 1980, the Republicans also took control of the Senate, which marked the first time since 1954 that they had control of either house of Congress. (It would not be until 1994 before the Republican Party would have control of both the Senate and the House simultaneously.) Election of 2016 – Realigning Election? The real question with respect as to whether the 2016 election victory by Trump is a â€Å"political realignment† and/or a â€Å"critical election† is not easy to answer a week after the election.  The United States is not experiencing internal financial distress or facing negative economic indicators such as high unemployment, inflation, or increasing interest rates. The country is not at war, although there are threats of foreign terrorism and social unrest due to racial issues.  However, it does not appear that these were major issues or concerns during this election process.   Instead, one could argue that neither Clinton or Trump were viewed by voters as being â€Å"Presidential† due to their own ethical and moral issues.  In addition, since lack of honesty was a major hurdle which Clinton attempted to overcome throughout the campaign, it is quite plausible that out of fear of what Clinton would do if elected, voters chose to give the Republicans control of both houses of Congress.

Kate Chopin’s Short Story Desiree’s Baby Essay example

Kate Chopin’s Short Story â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† In Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†, she demonstrates how racism played a major part in people’s lives in the 1800’s. Kate Chopin is extremely successful in getting her readers to feel disturbed by the events in the story. Through words and images, the reader feels touched by the story, either by relating to it at some points or when confronted with things we frequently decide to ignore in the world: the evil some human beings are capable of possessing. Chopin introduces the story with pleasant images and events; she enchants the reader with fairy tales. A woman who cannot have children is blessed with the most â€Å"beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere† (31) of†¦show more content†¦The writer ends the first phase of the tale with Desiree’s expression of her feelings at that point: â€Å"Oh mamma, I’m so happy; it frightens me† (32). This comment is both a conclusion of the first phase of the story and a prediction of what’s to come next. In the next segment of the account, Chopin breaks the enchantment and the readers’ hearts when she turns a fairy tale into a horror show. Armand’s behavior towards Desiree changes drastically, as for â€Å"when he spoke to her, it was with averted eyes, from which the old love-light seemed to have gone out.† â€Å"He absented himself from home; and when there, avoided her presence and that of her child, without excuse† (32). Armand’s attitude did not only change towards his wife, but also towards the slaves as if â€Å"the spirit of Satan seemed suddenly to take hold of him† (32). Desiree then finds out the reason for her husband’s change of conduct is the fact that their child is not white. The considerable change of mood in the story intensifies the already shocking events. As people are always looking for the â€Å"soul mate† and the â€Å"happy ever after† ending, it’s both disappointing and disturbing to see a beautiful dream turn into a nightmare. Chopin ends the story with the most displeasing images of all. I hope it’s agreeable (even though it is something which still happens much too often in the world today) thatShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1540 Words   |  7 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the main character, Mrs. Louise Mallard, is a woman with a heart problem that gets horrifying news that her husband has passed away in a train crash. When she starts thinking about her freedom, she gets excited; she is happy to start her new, free life. However, a few hours later her husband walks in the door and she finds out it was all a mistake. When she realizes her freedom is gone her heart stop and she then dies. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Desiree is an orphanedRead More Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Desirees Baby is Kate Chopins most well-known short story and most anthologized piece of work. The story takes place in southern Louisiana and her writing reflects her Creole-French descent. Chopin begins the story with a descriptive quote, when she reached LAbri she shuddered at the first sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place...Big solemn oaks grew close to it and their thick leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it likeRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead More Social Role Play and the Search For Identity in Chopin’s Desiree’s Baby626 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Role Play and the Search For Identity in Chopin’s Desiree’s Baby When I think about women’s role in our society, especially nowadays, the first word that comes to my mind is ‘exhausted’. What I mean is that this subject is exhausted. There are so many literary and sociological interpretations of the physical and psychological female image that whatever I say or prove would be just another attempt to understand the ‘incomprehensible’. It’s not because I am a woman, or may be exactlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Desiree s Baby By Kate Chopin919 Words   |  4 PagesDesiree’s Baby†: An Annotated bibliography Thesis: Kate Chopin combines the racial and social differences on the eighteen century, in which people have to face racial discrimination amongst a social empire, which brings many conflicts within diverse couples about their firstborns. Chopin, Kate Desiree’s Baby. Short Stories (print 7/14/2015). In the short story, Desiree’s Baby, written by Kate Chopin there is a about of karma and consequences that produce the drama on the literature. The storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s `` Desiree s Baby ``822 Words   |  4 PagesRegionalism reflected in Kate Chopin’s Writings During the latter half of the nineteenth-century, American literature had a renaissance with the development of new writing styles that strived to fully grasp and express the American way of life. Regionalism, which is a writing style that incorporates setting, dialect, and local color of certain regions of the United States was prominent among these new writing styles. Kate Chopin, one of the most prominent feminist writers of the nineteenth-centuryRead MoreKate Chopin, An American Writer1425 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin, an American writer, known for her vivid portrayals of women’s lives during the late 1800s. Her fiction works usually set in Louisiana, which contributed too much of her description of women’s roles. During Chopin’s time, Louisiana was in the midst of reconstruction and was having racial and economic issues. (Skaggs 4) Louisiana is the setting for many of Chopin’s stories, and they depict a realistic picture of Louisiana society. Ka te Chopin published two novels and many short storiesRead MoreCharacteristics Of Kate Chopin Contributions To Regionalism771 Words   |  4 PagesAbigail Brueggman English Composition II Dr. Vanderlaan Essay 2 DUE: 10/ 31/2017 Kate Chopin’s Contribution to Regionalism Between 1865 and 1896 regionalism/local color fiction became popular. Regional literature can be defined as fiction or poetry that focuses on the characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features to a specific region. Regionalism incorporates the broader concept of sectional differences yet lacks nostalgia or sentimentality. Many criticsRead More Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Essays1394 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Desirees Baby This essay will focus on the short story by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desiree’s baby was perhaps one of the best stories I’ve ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesn’t make sense. But as you think criticallyRead MoreKate Chopin s Desiree s Baby878 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby† Many of Kate Chopin’s short stories deal with women in search of love, self-knowledge, and a sense of belonging, however, in â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby† we see a much more apparent theme of miscegeny, slavery, and racism. In her critical essay on â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby,† Rena Korb asserts that â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby† mainly focusses on a woman seeking only a place of belonging. Upon reading â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby† one could come to the conclusion that this story is much more concerned with expressing

Dr. Jr Free Essays

1) Describe what occurs in each of the four parts of the hydrologic cycle and how each part of the hydrologic cycle is related to the next part of the cycle. The four parts of the hydrologic cycle are evaporation, condensation, precipitation and runoff. Water evaporated from the ocean eventually condenses as water droplets in clouds. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Jr or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the cloud grows large enough, the droplets coalesce and fall as precipitation, mostly as rain, sometimes as snow or ice. The cycling of water molecules from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean. 2) Examine the northwestern portion in the country of Brazil in Figures 2-33, 4-14 and 4-22. a) What type of climate does northwestern Brazil experience? Humid Equatorial b) What type of soil does northwestern Brazil have? c) What type of biome is located in northwestern Brazil? 3) Based on your answers from #2, explain the relationships that exist between the climate, soil and biome of northwestern Brazil. ) According to Figure 4-22, in which major terrestrial biome is eastern Nebraska classified? What major terrestrial biome classification is located to the east of that found in eastern Nebraska? Which climate factor (temperature or precipitation) explains the difference between the two biomes? 5) Explain the terms deforestation and desertification. Give one example of how the two are different. Give one example of how the two are similar. ) What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource? Give one example of each. 7) What is temperature inversion, and how does it affect urban air pollution problems? 8) What is meant by the term â€Å"nonpoint source pollution†? List two examples. 9) Describe, with an example of each, the influences of cultural values, level of technology, and economic systems on natural resource value. 10) Explain two arguments for and two arguments against nuclear power. How to cite Dr. Jr, Essay examples

Health Inequity in Maori Population

Question: Discuss about the Health Inequity in Maori Population. Answer: Introduction Differences of health status within a population are widespread all over the world. Health inequities can be defined as the unequal distribution of health status resources caused by social condition in which members of a population group is born. Such inequities are unwanted for and can be avoided if appropriate measures are taken. Life expectancy in poor countries is 37 years less that life expectancy in rich countries ("WHO | 10 facts on health inequities and their causes", 2016). Socioeconomic gap between different population groups of a country is considered to be the fundamental cause of health inequities. This report aims to address the health inequities suffered by the Maori population of Aotearao New Zealand, its social and economic impacts on a local as well as national level and the application of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi concerning the health issue of the concerned population group. The health issue selected for this report is Stroke. Throughout the report distinction between two terms, inequalities (unavoidable differences) and inequities (unfair differences) have been considered and appraised. Pre and Post Colonisation Scenario The life expectancy of the Maori population has seen marked decrease after the colonization of New Zealand by the British. The Maori population experienced a decrease from 100,000 in 1769 to 42,000 in 1896. The life expectancy and population has experienced a recovery since then due to various government policies and social awareness. Various health inequities are still prevalent among the Maori population because of colonisation in New Zealand. Several socioeconomic and ethnic factors were responsible for such discrepancies in the health status between the Maori and the non-indigenous population of New Zealand. Reasons behind Maori health inequalities The Maori population consists of 14.6% of the total 4.7 million population of Aotearoa, the Maori name for the country of New Zealand (Limited, 2016). They are indigenous population of New Zealand inhabiting in the country since around 1300 A.D. The health inequities found in Maori and the non-Maori population of New Zealand is one of the most compelling health issues prevalent in the country presently. Ethnic disparities may arise from various reasons. It has been proposed in studies (Mackenbach, 2005) that if all other socioeconomic and environmental factors are eliminated, genetic factors are the major determinant of health inequities among different population groups. The genome of a certain group of population may render them less or more susceptible to certain diseases and health disorders. Conversely, other studies state that 85% of genetic variations are not correlated to ethnicity or race of the population group (Ellison-Loschmann Pearce, 2006). Hence, it can be conferred that the health status inequities suffered by the Maori population of New Zealand has non-genetic origins. The non-genetic factors can be influenced by socioeconomic position, access to healthcare facilities and lifestyle of the concerned group. The social factors that contribute to such inequities are income, housing and employment differences between the two concerned groups. Inequities can be based upon various parameters like age, gender, ethnicity, the social and economic status, and the geographical location of the population group. There is substantial evidence of high mortality rates in old age in low socioeconomic position of the population (Huisman et al., 2013). Several daily life practices like food habits, style of living and lack of awareness about nutritional importance on healthy living can contribute to the onset of various chronic as well as acute disorders. These factors can often be inherited and depend on cultural and social traditions followed by a particular section of the population. Hosseinpoor et al., (2012) studied the inequalities in risk factors of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries and concluded that smoking and low fruit and vegetable consumption were prevalent in low socioeconomic groups among various countries. The risk factors of non-communicable diseases varied among different socioeconomic groups. Several studies have examined the impact of accessibility of healthcare facilities on the health status of a population. There is high mortality rates for people with lack of optimum accessibility either due to the geographical location or due to socioeconomic constraints (Milea et al., 2015). Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi is the founding document of New Zealand that was signed on 6 February 1840 between the British Crown and the 540 Maori chiefs. The treaty was signed to establish political and social accord between the Maori community, which ruled New Zealand until then and the British settlers that had arrived in New Zealand during that period. The English and Maori translations of the treaty differed which has been debated to this day. The treaty promised to provide Maori autonomy and abstain from interfering with their cultural practices. It aim to establish a reciprocity between the two communities. The Maoris were allowed to have full control over their land transactions and way of living; in return, the British formed the laws and government of the country. In ultimatum, the Crown was to establish equity and equal treatment for all the inhabitants, both the Maori and the non-Maori population, in all the sectors including healthcare. The principles of the treaty are based on three Ps: Partnership, Protection and Participation. Partnership aims to achieve a collaborative process between two groups to reach a particular common benefit or objective. Participation implies the involvement of individuals from all the groups in certain facilities to reduce inequalities in various sectors. Protection signifies the need to protect certain cultural and ethical values of different individuals in a common workspace and maintain a secular approach to avoid hurting the sentiments of any of the individuals included in the population. Concerning health status of the Maori population of New Zealand, the three Ps can be applied in an efficient way to provide optimum healthcare facilities and prevent health status inequities between the Maori and the non-Maori populations (Kingi, 2007). Chosen Health Issue Studies show that there are several health issues in the Maori adult and children population that need to be addressed to mitigate the social and economic cost due to the same. The health conditions that are more prevalent in the Maori population compared to the non-Maori population are Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, Diabetes, Hypertension, Chronic Pain and Arthritis ("The Health of MÄ ori Adults and Children", 2015). Study of the epidemiology of stroke in New Zealand show great discrepancy in incidence of the same among the different ethnical or racial groups. New Zealand is a multi-ethnic country and studies show the burden of mortality due to stroke is highest among individuals of the Maori community as compared to rest of the population (Feigin, McNaughton Dyall, 2007). Although such conclusions do not provide any insight regarding the direct causes of the medical condition and its higher incidence, it may make the issue of health inequity more conspicuous and aid in taking necessary preventive measures like culture specific treatment, planning and intervention. The mean age of stroke incidence in both Maori and Pacific people of New Zealand is significantly low compared to their European counterparts (Bonita, Broad Beaglehole, 1997). Feigin et al., (2006), studied the risk factor profiles for stroke patients between the ethnic groups. The average age of stroke onset for the Maori Population is 61 years compared to 64 years for Pacific people and 75 years for European inhabitants of New Zealand. Considerable differences found in risk factors among the different ethnicities may be responsible for this discrepancy. Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality universally. Two kinds of strokes are prevalent: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic. Stroke is a medically emergency condition where blood supply to the brain is impeded either due to blockage in the blood vessels of the brain or due to rupture of blood vessels and damage of the tissues in the vicinity. Symptoms should be identified promptly and immediate medical attention is required. Accessibility to emergency medical care can be a deciding factor in preventing adverse consequences of stroke patients. Stroke incidence is strikingly more in medically underserved region of the world compared to the economically developed countries; post-stroke disability and mortality were also significantly high in the unreserved countries (Norrving Kissela, 2013). There is a huge economic impact of stroke worldwide. Direct costs include medical costs including hospital costs, extended care facilities and medical care personnel. Indirect costs include both mortality and morbidity costs. many governments have opted for programs to create awareness regarding how to mitigate the risk factors associated with stroke in order to reduce the economic and social burden the condition poses on a national level. Application of Treaty of Waitangi Principles The principles of the Treaty of Waitangi viz. Partnership, Protection and Participation can be applied at an organizational level to bridge the gap between Maori and non-Maori population of New Zealand in terms of medical healthcare facilitates. The Maori population must be allowed to choose their health program policies for the well being of health of their community after considering their cultural and religious needs; although the policies need to be scrutinized to ensure that it meets standard scientific rationale. This comes under the principle of Protection of equal rights of the community as well as ensuring partnership in social well being of the country as a whole. Government must intervene with proper programs to spread awareness about the epidemiology of stroke in the Maori population. The importance of following a healthy lifestyle and a healthy balanced diet in fighting the prevalence and incidence of Stroke must be elucidated to the target population. The people of Maori population should be encouraged to participate in healthcare facilities as healthcare professionals to understand the special needs of the Maori patients who are admitted in the medical institution. They must work together to reach centripetal health outcomes with an ultimate goal of providing emergency care to the patients who have experienced stroke. The nurses and other healthcare professionals must be trained to be compassionate and empathetic in dealing with Maori patients, as they have specific cultural needs, which must be dealt with utmost sensitivity. Addressing health issues must happen in collaboration between the provider and the receiver of treatment or care. Partnership between the two is necessary for establishing health status equity all over the population of the country. Government must take adequate actions to provide equal accessibility to all the different ethnic populations of the country. Infrastructural development is indispensible in and around the geographical locations where the Maori population is rich. Emergency facilities should be equipped such that immediate needs of a stroke patient can be addressed. Hence, intervention from the government is an absolute necessity to achieve the desired results and the policies must be formulated after acknowledging the principles of the three Ps of the Treaty of Waitangi. Conclusion Disparities between different ethnic populations of a country are widespread all over the world especially in healthcare sectors. The Maori population of New Zealand is a victim of health inequity compared to other ethnic communities. Stroke is one of the most alarming of all the inequities suffered by the population. The application of principles of the Treaty of Waitangi is fundamental in implementing equal healthcare facilities and bridging the ethnic gaps in the population of New Zealand. References Bonita, R., Broad, J. B., Beaglehole, R. (1997). Ethnic differences in stroke incidence and case fatality in Auckland, New Zealand. Stroke, 28(4), 758-761. Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006).Improving access to health care among New Zealand's Maori population. American Journal of Public Health,96(4), 612-617. Feigin, V. L., McNaughton, H., Dyall, L. (2007). Burden of stroke in Maori and Pacific peoples of New Zealand. International Journal of Stroke, 2(3), 208-210. Feigin, V., Carter, K., Hackett, M., Barber, P. A., McNaughton, H., Dyall, L., ... Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study Group. (2006). Ethnic disparities in incidence of stroke subtypes: Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study, 20022003. The Lancet Neurology, 5(2), 130-139. Hosseinpoor, A. R., Bergen, N., Kunst, A., Harper, S., Guthold, R., Rekve, D., ... Chatterji, S. (2012). Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for non communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey. BMC public Health, 12(1), 1. Huisman, M., Read, S., Towriss, C. A., Deeg, D. J., Grundy, E. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality rates in old age in the World Health Organization Europe region. Epidemiologic reviews, mxs010. Kingi, T. K. (2007). The Treaty of Waitangi: A framework for Maori health development.New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy,54(1), 4. Limited, M. (2016). Aotearoa - The Maori Name for New Zealand. Maori.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.maori.com/aotearoa Mackenbach, J. P. (2005). Genetics and health inequalities: hypotheses and controversies. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 59(4), 268-273. Milea, D., Azmi, S., Reginald, P., Verpillat, P., Francois, C. (2015). A review of accessibility of administrative healthcare databases in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of market access health policy, 3. Norrving, B., Kissela, B. (2013). The global burden of stroke and need for a continuum of care. Neurology, 80(3 Supplement 2), S5-S12. The Health of MÄ ori Adults and Children. (2015). Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-maori-adults-and-children WHO | 10 facts on health inequities and their causes. (2016). Who.int. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_inequities/facts/en/index1.html

Business and Management Free-Sample for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Explain Major Domestic and International Contextual Factors and how they Affect Business Structures and Strategy. Answer: Business and management are interrelated with each other. Application of effective management techniques assists the personnel of companies and organizations to carry out the business activities efficiently. For the achievement of efficiency in business activities, raw materials are a crucial factor (Gollenia, 2016). Within this, adherence to the integrated structure helps the personnel to create and develop effective plans. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders and shareholders within this process helps the personnel to ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and the specified requirements. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation brings to the forefront the potential drawbacks in the products and services. Exposure of spontaneity in rectification of the drawbacks reflects the corporate attitude of the personnel (Weske, 2012). Herein, lays the true essence of the aspect of management. All these aspects seem true for Westfarmers. Theoretical framework provides a clearer understanding about the basic concepts related to the management of business activities. One of these theories is the contingency theory, which compels the managers to put on their thinking caps in terms of taking decisions for the betterment of the companies and organizations (Fadun, 2013). Maintaining pace with the current trends is an important proposition of this theory. This alignment helps the personnel of Westfarmers to maintain their position within the Australian market. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners in the decision-making process proves beneficial for Westfarmers in ensuring the effectiveness of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and specified requirements (Wong et al., 2014). Along with the contingency theory, systems theory proves beneficial for Westfarmers in terms of achieving successful completion of the business activities. Viewing it from other perspectives, systems theory helps the personnel of Westfarmers to ensure the presence of defects within the devices. This reflects the consciousness of the personnel towards bestowing productive energy to the buyers. Hiring experts for detecting the presence of virus attacks or hacking interventions is an indication of effective utilization of systems theory by the Westfarmers personnel. Delving deep into the functionality of Westfarmers, for the production of efficient and productive energy, technologically advanced machines are required (Zhang Wang, 2012). Negligence in this direction deprives the Westfarmers personnel from getting uninterrupted current flow for manufacturing efficient energy resources. This negligence is also an obstacle in terms of ensuring the smooth functioning of the internal parts o f the devices. On the contrary, market research in terms of getting the advanced machines. However, ensuring financial flexibility is crucial for adopting mahines, whih aligns with the modern tehnology (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Evaluation of the seleted device helps the personnel to ensure the effectiveness and applicability of the selected device in terms of the identified and specified requirements. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation brings noticeable improvements in the performance of Westfarmers. Exposure of consistency towards the evaluation upgrades the status of the Westfarmers in terms of enjoying competitive advantage over the contemporary brands. One of the noticeable facts within this is the adherence and compliance to the competitive policies, which helps the Westfarmers personnel to indulge into fair trades, transactions and deals with the contemporary brands (Fleischmann et al., 2014). The fairness in the earlier sentence aligns with the factor of quality, which is one of the major factors for attaining customer satisfaction. In order to manage the business activities, Westfarmers personnel abide by an integrated structure. As a matter of specification, within the management come components, such as sales, operations, finance and human resource management. Finance is an agent, which aters to the effective management of sales operations and human resource management. Flexibility in the financial aspect helps the Westfarmer personnel to introduce prospective schemes, offers and discounts for the buyers. Simultaneously with the success, failures also find its way. Countering this, emerging successful in overcoming the failures, qualifies Westfarmers as leader within the brands struggling for a firm place in the competitive market of Australia (Becker, Kugeler Rosemann, 2013). The effective coordination between the functional units of the departments is the keystone towards managing the crisis period. The major drive behind this is the compliance to the risk assessment process, which is assistance towards re ducing the intensity of the potential risk factors. Identification of the risks and their causes solves half of the problem. Application of known solutions further eases out the process of risk assessment. In case of failures, application of alternate solutions reflects the conscious attitude of the Westfarmer personnel in terms of ensuring the wellbeing of the customers (Weiss, 2014). Along with this, rating the risks projects the confidence of the personnel towards reducing the intensity of the risk factors. Emerging successful in this direction adds value to the roles and responsibilities of the managers. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners in this risk assessment process helps the organizational personnel in terms of ensuring the effectiveness of the implemented solution for carrying out the business activities (Rosemann Brocke, 2015). Herein, lays the conjoined significance of business and management. Adherence and compliance to the ris k assessment process is an additional assistance in terms of reducing the instances of harassments, discriminations, conflicts among others. Apart from risk assessment, training forms an important component for Westfarmers personnel in terms of managing the business activities. Frequent training programs improve the grasping power of the employees on the basic management skills. Providing training to the employees on the operation of the devices brings efficiency in the business activities of the organization. Taking post-training tests enables the managers to test the capability of the employees to make practical application of the learnt skills in the workplace operations (Dumas et al., 2013). Moreover, trainings also prove essential in handling the emergency situations in an effective manner. Provision of adequate motivation and encouragement by the managers generates an urge among the employees to expose better performance. Maintenance of consistency from both sides in this context results in the exposure of professional performance of the Westfarmers personnel. Conscious attitude towards the reduction of carbon and smoke emission enhances the corporate social responsibilities of the organization (Chang, 2016). As a matter of specification, boycotting the utilization of carbon footprints in the manufacture of the energy resources proves advantageous for the organization, Westfarmers in mitigating the health hazards of the customers. This action expands the reputational status of the organization into a widespread one. Exposure of consciousness in this direction uplifts the corporate attitude of the personnel. This results in the establishment of professionalism in the workplace of the organization (Hutt Speh, 2012). Provision of safe and comfortable workplace to the employees results in the outpour of creative output, which takes the organization, Westfarmers to achieve high growth rate and a sound profit margin. Adoption of social media helps the organization, Westfarmers to expand the business. Putting the news of the newly launched devices makes the investors aware of the organizational issues. The means of social media supports the organization to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image (Aalst, 2013). Levying authentic information to the customers, agency partners enhances the brand awareness of the organization. One of the noticeable features about Westfarmers is the effective management of human resources. Provision of training on the effective and judicious utilization of the organizational resources adds efficiency in the business activities. Viewing it from other perspective, this efficiency contradicts the issues of inadequate stock of raw materials. Attaching the concept of soial media here, advertising authentic information about the recruitment process systematizes the management of human resources (Rglinger, Pppelbu Becker, 2012). Herein, management and business can be placed in an equal alignment, which establishes relevancy with the requirements of the discussion. Emerging successful in overcoming the challenges attains a different connotation towards management. Herein, the statement, Failures are the stepping stones of success, becomes tautologically true. Dedication and commitment towards upgrading the services adds color to the steps, which leads to the path of success. On the contrary, negligence in this direction aggravates the hardness of the stones, which detach the organization from the identified and specified business requirements (Hutt Speh, 2012). Herein, lays the interplay with the phases of success and failure of the organization, which adds value to the discussion. On the other hand, this interplay can be aligned with the organizational capability to restore lost glory and honor within the competitive ambience of the market. Different parameters of management helps Westfarmers broaden the perspectives of the managers. Risk assessment brings to the forefront the areas on which training needs to be delivered to the employees. Effective and judicious utilization of the provided training adds efficiency in the business activities of the organization (Chang, 2016). Within this, utilization of the means, such as, social media acts as a promotional activity for the organization in terms of achieving large scale ustomer satisfaction. Specifically, execution of marketing mix supports the organization to align with their mission, vision and core values. Consciousness of the personnel in this direction adds to the organizational culture, which provides a better placement to the organization within the Australian market. References Becker, J., Kugeler, M., Rosemann, M. (Eds.). (2013).Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, J. F. (2016).Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., Reijers, H. A. (2013).Fundamentals of business process management(Vol. 1, p. 2). Heidelberg: Springer. Fadun, O. S. (2013). Risk management and risk management failure: Lessons for business enterprises.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(2), 225. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Obermeier, S., Brger, E. (2014).Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Gollenia, L. A. (2016).Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Hutt, M. D., Speh, T. W. (2012).Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Rglinger, M., Pppelbu, J., Becker, J. (2012). Maturity models in business process management.Business Process Management Journal,18(2), 328-346. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Der Aalst, W. M. (2013). Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Weske, M. (2012). Business process management architectures. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wong, W. P., Tseng, M. L., Tan, K. H. (2014). A business process management capabilities perspective on organisation performance.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(5-6), 602-617. Zhang, P., Wang, C. (2012). The evolution of social commerce: an examination from the people, business, technology, and information perspective.

Womens Influence In Things Fall Apart Essays -

Women's Influence In Things Fall Apart In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, there are some dominant explanations of the roles of women in pre-colonial Africa. Women also have heavy influence in the society of the Ibo. Okonkwo, the main character, has deep seeded issues about being so macho that there is nothing effeminate about him. The drive and determination that directs his lifestyle are based in his fear of weakness and failure, which the society associates with femininity. Women are also portrayed as having some strong leadership values, respected in various roles, and as comforters. Okonkwo has a strong opinion about his father and the way his father goes through life. He had no patience with unsuccessful men. He had had no patience with his father. (Achebe, 4) He suffered when a playmate had told him the his father was agbala. (Achebe, 13) Agbala meant woman or a man who had no titles. The Ibo classified their terms as masculine and feminine and agbala was a feminine term used to describe a certain type of man. Okonkwo's life force was rooted in the fact that he hated everything that his father loved. All that his father had loved and his father's lifestyle were ultimately described as feminine. Social comparisons with weakness, failure, and unsuccessfulness to femininity suggest that women are weak and inferior. Okonkwo's determination to be macho results in his failure. It also makes him devoid of gentleness and compassion that results in the failed relationship with his son, whom he also likens to his father. Women were not only associated with negativity in the Ibo society. Women played major roles in the Ibo society. Many men had more than one wife. Their first wife was the ruler of the women in the family structure. When Okonkwo visited Nwakibie, a man who held the highest titles at the time, he ceremoniously greeted him with a display of sharing a Kola nut and with wine. When it was time for Nwakibie's wives to drink the wine, the other wives had to wait for the eldest wife. Anasi was?tall and strongly built. There was authority in her bearing and she looked every inch the ruler of the womenfolk? She wore the anklet of her husband's titles, which the first wife alone could wear. (Achebe, 20) The first wife was privileged and was over the other wives. No doubt the first wife also delegated duties to the other wives and children according to her husband's wishes. It was also a woman who stood as a representative for the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. No one had ever beheld Agbala, except his priestess. (Achebe 16) The priestess built and stood next to the sacred fire and proclaimed the will of Agbala. (Achebe 16,17) The Oracle entrusted his will to be carried out by a woman who spoke authoritatively. Many men who did not question what the priestess conveyed from the Oracle consulted the Oracle. Although the most of the men in the society viewed women as weak, they put their complete trust in a woman representative of the Oracle which sometimes directed their every move and whom they consulted every time an important decision was to be made. The Oracle, who was the final word on the fate of many Ibo people, was represented by a woman, which the men absolutely trusted. Okonkwo grew up and lived in his father's village. When he is exiled, he goes to live among his mother's family. Okonkwo is down and somewhat depressed that he has to live in the land where his mother is from. His uncle, Uchendu called him and his cousins together one-day to question them, especially Okonkwo about why he is there. Uchendu says, We are only his mother's kinsmen. He does not belong here?And so he is bowed with grief. (Achebe, 133) Uchendu also points out that one of the most common Ibo names, Nneka means Mother is Supreme (Achebe 133) A society of people that depends upon the strength and leadership of it's men acknowledges that Mother is Supreme. Okonkwo must realize that he can find comfort among his mother's kinsmen. Uchendu states that a mother protects and offers comfort

How to Overcome Hardship and Be Successful [Video]

How to Overcome Hardship and Be Successful [Video] Life can be tough, with lots of roadblocks that stand in the way of your success. The majority of us go through life with our noses to the ground, grinding through one day after the next filled with to-dos. We’re always in a hurry. But what might happen to our state of mind if, just sometimes, we†¦ stopped. What if we looked up to appreciate the beauty of what lies around us every day without us even noticing it? Check out the following TED Talk by Gavin Pretor-Pinney on how you, too, can use what lies around us to calm the stress within.

Private Placements and Public Offerings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Private Placements and Public Offerings - Essay Example When it comes to securities, two types of basic methods are used by companies to offer those to investors. One of the methods used for this is called Initial Public Offering (IPO) or Public Offering. In this particular method securities are offered for sale to general public. Any one can be an investor in the case of initial public offering. Actually it is the first time when a corporation starts to offer a registered security to public. This practice helps companies to get immediate cash to increase their equity base along with positively affecting the stock value appreciation (Initial Public Offering (IPO). Private Placement is the other method used to offer securities. The basic difference in this particular method as compared to the other one is about selling the shares without the involvement of intermediary of a stockbroker. Both these methods are used in real world to achieve different types of objectives. Actually, the use of a particular method is directly related to the situations being faced by a corporation. By contemplating more on the details related to both these methods, it becomes quite evident that there are quite a few differences, advantages and disadvantages of using a particular method. A critical comparison of both these methods will help you to understand those advantages and disadvantages in a much better way. Let's start off with Public or Initial Public... It is the duty of SEC to set regulations and specific standards for the investment market to function in a right way. Due to these standards and regulations, it is essential for a corporation to reveal a lot of information before making any offering. The information may be about inner workings of a corporation and the plan about using the funds obtained through the offering. Here, a corporation has to wait for the approval of SEC after setting a sales price for the offering along with providing the other necessary information. Now when you will compare this particular aspect of providing extensive information to SEC with the other method of Private Placement, you will understand why this other method is preferred by most of the corporations. Herein, such securities can be offered which may not be registered with SEC. What it means is that there will be no need to provide extensive information to Securities and Exchange Commission, which is unlike IPO. Since companies making use of this method exploits Securities Act of 1933, there remains no need to follow the rule of quarterly reporting. But, it is significant to mention that a Private Placement Memorandum (PPM) is not exempt from Anti-fraud provisions and state law. It implies the fact that though there will be no need to provide as much details as required in Public Offering but you will have to disclose enough information so an investor may become able to make an informed and rational decision. Apart from this particular aspect, it is important to compare the basic way in which both these methods actually work. While comparing the working process of both these methods, it is easy to see few important differences. For Private Placement, it is obligatory for a company to use Private Placement Memorandum which

American Prison Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

American Prison Law - Essay Example Citizens, who had been wrongly accused or unjustly sentenced, could challenge such actions. It was the bounden duty of the federal government to implement a system of checks-and-balances in the system so that the correction department did not infringe the fundamental liberty of citizens. This endeavor was assisted significantly by librarians who acted in an unbiased manner within the purview of the standards established by the American Association of Law Libraries. This was to ensure that the policies of institutions and departments, and authorizations from the United States Supreme Court and local jurisdictions were observed2. In the 1977 case of Bounds v. Smiths, the right of an offender to access the judiciary was established by the US Supreme Court. Moreover, the court held that prison inmates should be provided with access to state and federal court systems. It also directed the correctional facilities to allow offenders to access law libraries and to provide legal assistance to their illiterate inmates, so that they could avail themselves of professional assistance while preparing their pleadings. The objective of this decision was to enable prisoners to access the court systems. However this ruling created a lot of consternation amongst the correctional personnel, librarians and library science professionals as it required them to implement new strategies in order to provide prison inmates with access to the appropriate legal documents3. The applicants in Casey v Lewis were prison officials of the Arizona DOC. The DOC had argued that the US District Court of Arizona had been mistaken in deciding that the department had breached Bounds. It also claimed that the court's order deprived the lawful remedies of the department. The respondents in the case were twenty - two inmates imprisoned in various correctional facilities of the DOC4. The respondents collectively filed a class - suit on behalf of all offenders who had been imprisoned and also on behalf of future offenders. In their application they have accused the DOC of depriving them of the right to access the courts and counsel. These provisions had been assured by the First, Sixth and Fourteenth Constitutional amendments. The district court held that the prisoners had a constitutional right of access to the courts and that such access was to be adequate and effective5. Moreover, the court held that the DOC had failed to act in accordance with constitutional standards. The court also found that the DOC was not in a position to meet the offenders' needs in areas such as providing the inmates with appropriate training so as to utilize the library. It also held that the library had failed to obtain updated legal materials and that it had not provided prisoners with photocopying facilities6. Moreover, the court observed that prisoners belonged to two groups and that these offenders had not been provided with adequate services. The first group was composed of offenders on a lockdown status or in other words it was composed of offenders who had been deprived of the bodily right of entry to the law library. Such offenders were on occasion denied access to the courts. The second group consisted of offenders who either could not speak English or who were illiterate7. The court accepted the

The Space Race and Apollo 11

The Space Race and Apollo 11 The Most Successful Space Mission of all Times Apollo 11 JAMES CHAN Introduction to the Cold War and Space Race Prior to the 1960s, there has always been a dream to travel to the outer space. Research has been done continuously around the world to investigate methods for space travel. At that time, there was a dramatic competition between countries and each nation wanted to demonstrate their superiority in technology and military power. After the World War II drew a conclusion in the mid-20th century, a conflict began between the Soviet Unions and United States known as the Cold War. The Cold War was a competition between the two rivalries and had been on-going for many years. The two nations extended military funding’s to compete against each other on military forces and technological competition which initiated the Space Race. The Space Race was a crucial arena for the competition between the two epic rivalries (Collins, 1999). Space Race happened between 1957 and 1975 where the two rivalries focused on attaining to be the first in space exploration. This supremacy was seen to be necessary in terms of national security and it was a symbolic of ideological superiority (Cram101 Textbook Reviews, 2013). The race involved efforts on launching satellites and human missions orbiting around the Earth, as well as unmanned probes to the Moon, Venus and Mars. Out of all the mankind achievements in the space race and 20th century, it was said that the Apollo 11 mission where humans finally escaped from the earth’s gravity and landed on the moon was the most groundbreaking and dominating milestone in the history of space travel (Brooks, et al., 2012). Timeline of the Space Race Figure 1: Timeline for Space Race The first race into space started in 1957 after the Soviet Union successfully launched the ‘Sputnik’ satellite. It was the first manmade object to leave the Earth (Bille Lishock, 2004). As a response, the US launched its first satellite, Explorer I, four months after the Russians which initiated the competition between the two nations. Momentarily the space race started to heat up and in 1959, the Soviet space program took the lead again with the launch of Luna 2, the first probe that reached the lunar surface (Kuhn, 2007). In 1961, the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 1 successfully sent the first person into orbit around Earth and on the other side, the US managed to send its first mankind into space three weeks later with the Freedom 7 without achieving orbit (Schefter, 2000). It was nearly a year after, in 1962, the US was able to catch up with the Russians and send its first person to orbit around the Earth with the Friendship 7 spacecraft. At that time, the US President John F. Kennedy recognized the problem and suggested more work should be done for the US to reach a leadership position in this space race. Kennedy believes that the US could first achieve crewed lunar landing and soon started to fund NASA’s lunar landing program – Project Apollo (History.com, 2010). The ultimate goal of Project Apollo was to be the first country to safety send mankind on the moon and return them back to Earth by the end of 1960s (Brennan Vecchi, 2001). Project Apollo Shortly after Kennedy’s full support on the US lunar space programs, NASA has an increasing budget of 500% from 1961 to 1964 with 34,000 employees involved in the Apollo program (History.com, 2010). In conjunction with Project Apollo the US launched several programs such as the Gemini and Mercury program to develop the technology needed for the Apollo mission. From these programs, the Americans not only learnt how to change orbit of a spacecraft, but also performed the first rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft and accomplished the first spacewalk which are all necessity for the success of Project Apollo (Chaikin, 1999). After many years of flight testing and experiments conducted on the initial modules of the Apollo spacecraft, the launch of Apollo 8 in 1968 was the first manned space mission to orbit around the moon. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union’s Soyuz lunar landing mission proceeded alongside with Project Apollo to put the first man on the moon. The Soviet had planned for manned circumlunar flights around the moon in 1967 and manned lunar landings in 1968. However, the Soviet made four unsuccessful and one successful unmanned circumlunar mission between 1967 and 1970. In addition, four failed efforts to launch a lunar landing spacecraft between 1969 and 1972. The most significant setback was the launch pad explosion of the N-1 rocket on 3rd July, 1969 where the launch rocket hits the pad and destroyed the launching facility. Without the N-1 rocket, the Soviet was not able perform space launches anytime soon. In the same month, the US surpassed the Russians and won the race by landing on the moon with Apollo 11. Apollo 11 Mission In 16th July 1969, US astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins was set off on Apollo 11 for the first lunar landing attempt (Brennan Vecchi, 2001). The spacecraft consist of three parts namely Command Module, Service Module and Lunar Module. The Command Module is the cabin for the three astronauts, the Service Module supplies electricity, oxygen and water to the Command Module and the Lunar Module is used for lunar landing. The Apollo 11 spacecraft was launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and was the fifth manned space mission of Project Apollo. Apart from sending astronauts to the moon and return them safety back to Earth, the secondarily objective of Apollo 11 was to perform human experiments on the lunar surface and return moon samples back to Earth. By studying the moon rocks and gathered data, it would greatly advance our scientific understanding of the moon’s history and what it consists of. (Moskowitz, 2009). Figure 2: Apollo 11 Components After launch, the spacecraft entered lunar orbit about 76 hours into the mission. On 20th July 1969, the Lunar Module started to descend after undocking with the Command Module. The US ended the space race on the same day by successfully landing the lunar module on the moon. It was the first manned lunar landing and first time mankind had experienced lunar gravity. After 6.5 hours after landing, Neil Armstrong was the first to step out of the spacecraft. He became the first human to set foot on the moon and his famously quote â€Å"Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind† was symbolic (Brennan Vecchi, 2001). 500 million people gathered around television and countless audience listened via radios around the world to witness this historical moment. There were never so many people tuned in for a single event at the same time before. After a short period of time, President Richard Nixon connected with the astronauts via a telephone call from the White House. It w as the most historic telephone call and longest distance call ever. After two and a half hours of lunar surface exploration, the crew collected 21.5 kg of lunar materials and started its mission back to Earth. Eventually, the Apollo 11 mission landed in Pacific Ocean on July 24. Figure 3: Apollo 11 on the moon (Image by NASA) The US clearly won the space race by landing the first human on the moon and leapedto a commanding position in space competition. Subsequently, the Soviet decided to cancel their space program in 1970 after the successful moon landings by the US. Challenges Faced Although the Apollo 11 mission seems to be successfully, there were many challenges during the mission. After landing on the moon, the astronauts weren’t able to open the hatch due to unexpected low atmosphere pressure outside. They had trouble depressurizing the cabin and it took longer than expected to open the hatch (Wilford, 2010). The most risky and fatal challenge faced by the Apollo 11 spacecraft was for it to return to earth safety. While the astronauts were moving back to the cabin to prepare for its way back to Earth, Aldrin unintentionally broke the circuit breaker which was important to start up the engine (Jones, 1995). Fortunately, a felt-tip pen in the cabin fit into the slot and successfully activated the switch to fire the engine. In addition, the spacecraft was designed to be powered by a single engine for it to depart from the lunar surface. Based on previous testing’s performed in space, the engine has a high failure rate and it was a gamble for the engine to work actually as planned. If the engine did not work properly, it was impossible for the astronauts to return and there was no way to rescue them. Lessons learnt During the space race, both the US and the Soviet Unions were rushing to be the first to land on the moon. Both nations performed countless human experiments and activities which involves high investments and high risk (Harland, 2010). The fail attempts sacrificed lives and a high portion of the governments spending’s has gone to make these programs possible. During the 1960s, some Americans did not believe that the Apollo mission was worth its cost. People protest against the use of funding’s and many others quietly opposed the space missions (Madrigal, 2012). Despite Apollo 11 worked out the best, the Apollo team soon realized how lucky they were for the mission to succeed. As a result, lessons were learnt and the risk and flexibility of such missions should be taken into consideration for future space missions. Moreover, the space programs were conducted within individual countries during the space race. In the future, it is expected that international joint efforts between countries should be made for space explorations (Malik, 2008). Reason of Success The reason why the US can achieve such accomplishment in such short period of time is because of the government’s determination. The government sees the Apollo mission to be a long term strategic decision as it will benefit the US on both the administrative leadership and international politics standings. The US government has a clear goal and gives fully financial support to the NASA space programs. In addition, NASA works closely with industrial contractors and universities to make the program possible. Argument to be the Most Successful Space Mission The Apollo 11 success demonstrated both economic and technological superiority of the US over rival nations. Project Apollo was a triumph for NASA engineers to design, build and operate innovative spacecraft engineering systems in an environmental where humans wasn’t able to explore before. The integration and organization of the program demonstrated the superiority in engineering and technology of the US. The mission not only the first manned lunar landing, but is also a technological challenge and groundbreaking inventive in spacecraft engineering. The Apollo program achieved enormous achievements as well as leaving legacy for NASA and the spacecraft engineering industry. The mission will not be repeated and the findings of the mission will benefit the world of astronomy, science and engineering forever. It acts as an important milestone and motivation for future space exploration projects. No matter how many lunar landings will be performed in the future, it would never be comparable to the first step on the moon. It will always be remembered in the history of space exploration and thus I believe the Apollo 11 is the most successful space mission of all times. Conclusion During the years of space race, numerous space programs has been accomplished and the technology developed throughout the course of the space race has opened up new applications to space that would change the quality of life on Earth (Bille Lishock, 2004). Despite Apollo 11 being a success and was the first lunar landing on human’s history, lessons were learnt and sacrifices were made to achieve its goals. The Apollo 11 achievement was a great leap for mankind and I believe that Apollo 11 is the most successful space mission ever. Word Count: 1983 Bibliography Bille, M. Lishock, E., 2004. The First Space Race: Launching the Worlds First Satellites. Texas: AM University Press. Brennan, L. Vecchi, A., 2001. The Business of Space: The Next Frontier of International Competition. s.l.:Palgrave Macmillan. Brooks, C. G., Grimwood, J. 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